There's a heck of a lot more to be factored into the tire size decision process.
The first thing I'm going to tell you is that you can get both 29 & 30 inch (or the equivalent of) tires to fit both 15 & 16 inch rims - so, at least for me, the one decision does not affect the other..
Second, you say you have an 04, four door Vitara with a V6 - are you sure that is an accurate description? There can't have been many 04 V6 Vitaras sold, if any, if it is an 04 with a V6 engine, it's a lot more likely to be a Grand Vitara, not that it really matters, either way, you're going to be looking at a 16 inch rim - 15 inchers won't clear the front brakes. If, on the other hand, it is a Vitara with one of the smaller engines, it might have smaller brakes, and you might be able to use a 15" rim.
Continuing with the rim size discussion, I seriously doubt that a 16x8 rim with 0 offset will be usable with either a 29 or 30 inch tire - in front, I would expect it to foul the frame on full lock, the back edge of the front bumper and possibly a few other places, at the back, it's also going to foul the arches as soon as you start to load the vehicle - this statement assumes no lift, because you have not mentioned one - some of it will also hold true even if you do have a lift.
Last but not least - you're going from a 27 inch tire to a 29 or 30 - with that much of an increase you can also expect to have to look at new axle gears, not very easy to find, and also quite expensive, both to acquire and install.