.......I tried adjusting the clutch cable as it was definitely loose on the clutch arm......
There is supposed to be a little cable play at the clutch arm (the clutch arm should "wiggle" back and forth just a little bit (1/4" or so), when you move it back and forth with your hand). Otherwise, the clutch fork is pushing the throwout bearing against the pressure plate fingers and the TO bearing is spinning all the time (which will wear out the TO bearing prematurely).
For the shifting issue....
It could be the clutch cable is stretched and no adjustment will allow it to disengage the clutch properly.
It could a dragging/stuck pilot bearing, as suggested. When the clutch was replaced, it should have had a new pilot bearing put in too, so it shouldn't be a pilot bearing issue.
It could be something inside the tranny (probably not, though).
It could be the clutch (not likely, since the clutch had been replaced fairly recently).